STATEMENT of Expenditures on Account of Wolf Killing Act, 21st Vic., Cap 18, for the year ending 31st December, 1859.
1859				Warrant
April 23	-	To paid	Joseph Bernard 1	63	£ 5	0	0
		"	Edward Poulette	63	£ 5	0	0
Aug 22	-	"	William Billard	150	£ 5	0	0
Oct 18	-	"	William Blackmore	196	£ 5	0	0
Oct 27	-	"	Newell Mitchell 2	199	£ 5	0	0
Nov. 17	-	"	Peter Joseph Cope 3	203	£ 5	0	0
Nov 28	-	"	John Mitchell	207	£ 5	0	0
Dec 30	-	"	Andrew Paul (2)	221	£ 10	0	0
Dec 30	-	"	Noel Paul	221	£ 10	0	0
December 31, 1859					Richard Howley Acing Financial Secretary

Transcriber Notes: 1 Given the fact that both Joseph Bernard and Edward Poulette share a license together suggests a hunting partnership based on friendship and perhaps shared kinship. In addition, the time period in question for which both hunters were known to have lived, and the fact that the surnames for both of these hunters as attested in this orthographic form, are found almost predominantly among the Newfoundland Mi'kmaq, safely rules out assigning them to any other ethnic group. Based on unpublished church records from both Burin and Fortune we know that the Poulet and Bernard families are directly connected. For example, it is known that Joseph Bernard married Hanna Ann John, probably the sister of Lewis John. Likewise, Lewis John as listed in the Burin RC baptism records is recorded as the husband of Esther Poulet, perhaps a sibling or cousin to Edward Poulet. This is probably the same Edward Poulitte that guided with John Barrington in Division C of the 1875 Reid Company survey of the Piper's Hole-Black River watershed. Newfoundland Mi'kmaw genealogist Pilip Jeddore in citing the Holy Cross Annual 2nd edition, gives the following information on Saqamaw [Chief] Joe Bernard: ….. "he was a Mountaineer Indian from Labrador. He wore a long flowing beard which the Micmacs did not do". He married an (Innu?) woman, (Hannah Ann John?). Bernard's Brook is named after him….. [www.geocities.com/pilip/saqamaq.htm] James Patrick Howley, noted geological surveyor, gave a brief but somewhat detailed physical description of both Joe Bernard and John Barrington, who acted as guides in the 1868 survey of the Piper's Hole and Black River watershed areas: Joe Bernard, the older man, was about 35 years of age, a thick-set swarthy individual, possessing a heavy beard and moustache, which is unusual with Indians. John Barrington the other was tall and slight, nearly 6 feet, clear face with no hair about it except a great crop on his head which like Joe's was jet black. John being but a half-breed was not nearly so dark as Joe. His features were rather handsome and most beautiful dark brown eyes. He was a lithe active fellow with loose limbs and I noticed his hands were as delicate as a lady's. I took to John from the first but did not care so much for Joe (Howley 1997: 19). It is assumed that this is the same Joseph Bunard (sic.), along with Lewis John, as one of the 5 Indians then living at the winter "Indian encampment at Piper's Hole" hired by Smith McKay in the overland mail route survey on dog sled teams from Sound Island, PB to Exploits River and back. This so called "Indian encampment" is presumed to be Pike Place (now Browns Island), Indian Cove, Piper's Hole River-also believed to be the site of the ancient Mi'kmaw village remembered among Conne River Mi'kmaq elders as Nukamkia'ji'jk "Sandy Harbour" briefly mentioned in Wetzel (1996). This was also the site where John Barrington lived with his wife (Mary Hawco, of Brigus) and family, after presumably emigrating from Conne River, ca. 1868-1869. It was also here at this site that John Barrington and family lived next to Jean (John) Martin, of Saint-Pierre-Conne River?, his wife Mary Pike (or Pique) and family. 2 This Noel Mitchell may be the same as the Noel (Michel) Agathe, perhaps a brother of Jean Michel Agathe (later Jean Michel/Michael, or John Mitchell) listed in various parish registers and historical sources [see Mattie Mitchell webpage]. Or alternatively, both John and Newell Mitchell listed here may have been non-Mi'kmaq with both names deriving from Anglo-Irish sources; although, in all probability, the names cited herein may refer to both Jean Michel Agathe (John Mitchell) and Noel Michel Agathe (Newell/Noel Mitchell). Further research is required to disambiguate this apparent coincidence. 3 Note the presence of some Nova Scotia Mi'kmaw Copes in Newfoundland on hunting expeditions. There is a photograph of a carving on a tree at Freemason's Point in Newfoundland currently housed at the Nova Scotia Museum detailing a hunting trip in Newfoundland (ca. mid 1850s). The carving outlines the names of the hunters in the group notably Nova Scotia Indian Agent William Chearnley and his brother John, both under the guidance of a noted and respected NS Mi'kmaw guide by name of James Cope. This carving is dated ca. 1853-1858 [Source: Nova Scotia Museum, Reference #: P98.321 N-14, 445]. This said James Cope may be a relative of the Peter Joseph Cope listed above in the Wolf Killing Act of 1859. The approximate dates seem to overlap suggesting a possible connection. Primary Source: Journal of the House of Assembly 1860:63 (PANL) Secondary Source: Howley, James P. 1997. Reminiscences of James P. Howley: Selected Years. W. J. Kirwin, G. M. Storey, and Patrick A. O'Flaherty, eds. Toronto: The Champlain Society. (also on-line on the Champlain Society Website: www.champlainsociety.ca/publications) Wetzel, Michael G. Decolonizing Ktaqmkuk Mi'kmaw History. Unpublished LL.M thesis, Dalhousie University, 1995.